What is a common cause of water quality deterioration in distribution systems?

Aging infrastructure leading to pipe leaks and contamination is a significant factor contributing to water quality deterioration in distribution systems. Over time, pipelines can develop leaks due to corrosion, material fatigue, or external pressures, allowing contaminants from soil, groundwater, or surrounding environments to enter the water supply. Additionally, deteriorating pipes can contribute to biofilm formation and disrupt the overall water chemistry, leading to potential health hazards.

Using old pipes or materials that do not meet modern standards can also lead to increased levels of lead, asbestos, or harmful bacteria in drinking water. Regular maintenance and timely upgrades of these aging systems are crucial in preventing contamination and ensuring that the water remains safe and clean for consumption.

In contrast, while factors like increased rainwater runoff, high consumer water demand, and poor water source management can impact overall water quality and availability, they do not directly create the physical conditions within distribution systems like aging infrastructure does.