What is required to overcome the resistance to flow in pipes and fittings?

To overcome the resistance to flow in pipes and fittings, pressure is the critical factor. Pressure is the force applied by the fluid within the system that pushes the fluid through the pipes and fittings, enabling it to overcome any friction or resistance encountered along the way. When water flows through a piping system, it experiences friction against the walls of the pipe and any fittings, which can impede its movement. The pressure must be sufficient to overcome this resistance to maintain an adequate flow rate.

In fluid systems, pressure is generated by pumps, and it is essential for ensuring that water reaches its destination effectively. While horsepower is related to the work done by pumps and can be indicative of the pump’s ability to generate pressure, it is the actual pressure that directly impacts the resistance experienced in the system.

Understanding the role of pressure in fluid dynamics is important for water operators, as it helps in determining the proper pump sizes, system designs, and the need for any pressure regulation devices to ensure efficient operation of the water supply system.