What is the optimal fluoride concentration for preventing cavities?

The optimal fluoride concentration for preventing cavities is 1.0 mg/L. This level has been widely studied and is considered effective in reducing dental caries while minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis. Fluoride helps to strengthen tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria. The selection of 1.0 mg/L is based on extensive public health research that balances the benefits of fluoride in promoting oral health with the potential risks associated with excessive fluoride exposure.

Lower concentrations, such as 0.5 mg/L, may not provide sufficient protection against cavities, as the fluoride levels need to be adequate to achieve a beneficial effect on dental health. Meanwhile, higher levels, like 1.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L, are more likely to increase the risk of dental fluorosis, particularly in young children whose teeth are still developing, which leads health organizations to recommend a concentration around 1.0 mg/L for community water fluoridation. This is why 1.0 mg/L is often considered the optimal fluoride concentration in public health initiatives aimed at cavity prevention.