Which of the following is a key component of disinfection processes in water treatment?

Chlorination is a key component of disinfection processes in water treatment because it effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that can cause waterborne diseases. By adding chlorine to water, it serves as a strong oxidizing agent, disrupting the cellular processes of microorganisms and destroying them. This process is not only efficient but also relatively cost-effective, allowing for widespread implementation in municipal water treatment facilities.

In contrast, granular activated carbon is primarily used for removing organic compounds and improving taste and odor rather than directly disinfecting water. pH adjustment is essential for optimizing various processes in water treatment but does not itself serve as a disinfection method. Ion exchange is typically used for softening water and removing specific contaminants, such as heavy metals and ions, rather than for disinfection purposes. Therefore, chlorination stands out as the primary method specifically aimed at ensuring the microbiological safety of drinking water.