Which parameters affect coagulation?

The parameters that primarily affect coagulation in water treatment processes are turbidity, pH, and alkalinity. Turbidity indicates the presence of suspended particles in water, which can hinder the coagulation process by providing a challenge for coagulants to effectively agglomerate and settle out these particles. High turbidity levels may require adjustments in coagulant dosages and types.

pH is critical because it influences the charge of the particles in the water, as well as the solubility and reactivity of the coagulants used. The optimal pH range for most coagulants (such as aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride) is specific, and deviations from this can lead to inefficient coagulation.

Alkalinity plays a role by providing a buffering capacity that stabilizes the pH during the coagulation process. If the alkalinity is too low, the pH might drop excessively when coagulants are added, which can hinder coagulation efficiency or cause unwanted reactions.

Other parameters such as temperature might influence the kinetics of coagulation, but they do not have the direct chemical interactions and effects seen with turbidity, pH, and alkalinity in the coagulation process.